AP Biology: DNA Structure and Function flashcards

Question 1

Which laboratory technique sorts DNA fragments by their size?

Accepted Answer

Electrophoresis

Question 2

Which kind of enzyme trims a polynucleotide chain by removing nucleotides one by one from an end?

Accepted Answer

Exonuclease

Question 3

What is a mutation caused by exposure to chemicals or other environmental agents called?

Accepted Answer

Induced mutation

Question 4

What is a mutation that arises in cells from natural chemical reactions, with no outside agent involved, called?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous mutation

Question 5

Which new DNA strand is copied in short pieces, in the direction away from the replication fork?

Accepted Answer

The lagging strand

Question 6

Which new DNA strand is copied continuously, in the same direction the replication fork moves?

Accepted Answer

The leading strand

Question 7

Which enzyme joins DNA ends by forming a phosphodiester linkage between a 3' OH and a 5' phosphate?

Accepted Answer

Ligase

Question 8

In which repair process are wrongly paired bases cut out after replication has finished?

Accepted Answer

Mismatch repair

Question 9

What is any change in the nucleotide sequence of a genome called?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 10

In which repair process is a wrong base removed together with a few neighboring nucleotides on either side?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide excision repair

Question 11

What are the short stretches of DNA made on the lagging strand called?

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments

Question 12

What kind of mutation changes just one base?

Accepted Answer

Point mutation

Question 13

Which enzyme makes the RNA primer that lets DNA polymerase start a new strand?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 14

What short stretch of nucleotides must be present before replication can begin?

Accepted Answer

A primer

Question 15

What is it called when DNA polymerase reads each newly added base before it adds the next one?

Accepted Answer

Proofreading

Question 16

What Y-shaped structure forms when replication starts?

Accepted Answer

The replication fork

Question 17

Which protein coats single-stranded DNA during replication so the two strands stay apart as templates?

Accepted Answer

Single-strand binding protein

Question 18

Which ring-shaped protein keeps DNA polymerase attached to the DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

The sliding clamp

Question 19

Which enzyme, with a built-in RNA template, maintains the ends of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Telomerase

Question 20

What is the DNA at the ends of linear chromosomes called?

Accepted Answer

Telomere

Question 21

Which enzyme prevents DNA from overwinding while it is being replicated?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 22

What is the process called in which a cell takes up DNA from outside it?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 23

What substitution mutation swaps a purine for a purine, or a pyrimidine for a pyrimidine?

Accepted Answer

Transition

Question 24

What substitution mutation swaps a purine for a pyrimidine, or a pyrimidine for a purine?

Accepted Answer

Transversion

AP Biology: DNA Structure and Function flashcards

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