AP Statistics: Hypothesis Testing with One Sample flashcards

Question 1

In a pair of hypotheses, which one is the statement assumed to be true?

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis, written H0.

Question 2

What is a hypothesis in a hypothesis test?

Accepted Answer

A claim concerning what value a population parameter has.

Question 3

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

To use sample evidence to judge whether a stated hypothesis is reasonable and should not be rejected, or unreasonable and should be rejected.

Question 4

What is a Type I error?

Accepted Answer

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

Question 5

What is a Type II error?

Accepted Answer

Not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually false.

Question 6

Which Greek letter stands for the probability of a Type I error?

Accepted Answer

Alpha (α).

Question 7

Which Greek letter stands for the probability of a Type II error?

Accepted Answer

Beta (β).

Question 8

What is the level of significance of a test?

Accepted Answer

The probability of a Type I error, written α.

Question 9

When is the preset α chosen, relative to the test?

Accepted Answer

Before the hypothesis test starts.

Question 10

How is the power of a test calculated from β?

Accepted Answer

Power = 1 - β.

Question 11

Is a high or a low power of a test desirable?

Accepted Answer

A high power.

Question 12

What does a smaller p-value say about the null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The evidence against the null hypothesis is stronger.

Question 13

Which symbols must the null statement always contain some form of?

Accepted Answer

Equality: =, ≤ or ≥.

Question 14

Which three symbols can the alternative hypothesis use?

Accepted Answer

Not equal (≠), greater than (>) and less than (<).

Question 15

If H0 uses the symbol ≥, which symbol does Ha use?

Accepted Answer

<.

Question 16

If H0 uses the symbol ≤, which symbol does Ha use?

Accepted Answer

>.

Question 17

What default α is used when no preconceived α is given?

Accepted Answer

α = 0.05.

Question 18

Which test is used for a single population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown?

Accepted Answer

Student's t-test.

Question 19

Which test is used for a single population mean when the population standard deviation is known?

Accepted Answer

A normal test.

Question 20

For a single population mean, what is the standard deviation of the sample mean, given the standard deviation σx and sample size n?

Accepted Answer

σx divided by the square root of n: σx̄ = σx / √n.

Question 21

Who published the Student's t-distribution under the pseudonym Student, and when?

Accepted Answer

William S. Gossett, in 1908.

Question 22

What single number completely defines a member of the family of t distributions?

Accepted Answer

Its degrees of freedom.

Question 23

What happens to the t-distribution as n gets larger?

Accepted Answer

It approaches the standard normal distribution.

Question 24

About which value is the pdf of the Student's t-distribution symmetrical?

Accepted Answer

Its mean of zero.

AP Statistics: Hypothesis Testing with One Sample flashcards

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