The cards Question What is osmosis? Tap to flip Answer The net movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a high to a low concentration of water molecules. Question What is active transport? Tap to flip Answer The net movement of particles against a concentration gradient, using energy. Question What is a concentration gradient? Tap to flip Answer A difference in the concentration of particles from one area to another. Question Give one reason plants need water. Tap to flip Answer e.g. for support (to stay turgid, as they have no bones) or for photosynthesis. Question Why do plants need nitrate ions? Tap to flip Answer As a source of nitrogen to make proteins. Question By what process does water enter root hair cells? Tap to flip Answer Osmosis. Question By what process are nitrate ions absorbed into root hair cells? Tap to flip Answer Active transport, which requires energy. Question How is the shape of a root hair cell adapted for absorption? Tap to flip Answer It increases the surface area of membrane for osmosis and active transport. Question What does xylem transport? Tap to flip Answer Water and mineral ions. Question What are stomata? Tap to flip Answer Pores in the leaf through which water, oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse. Question What is transpiration? Tap to flip Answer The loss of water from a plant's leaves. Question What is the transpiration stream? Tap to flip Answer The continuous movement of water from the roots to the leaves through the xylem. Question What are xylem tubes made of? Tap to flip Answer Dead, empty cells with no cytoplasm, forming a tube with a tough wall of lignin. Question Where does water enter a plant? Tap to flip Answer At the roots, not through the leaves. Question Why is water pulled up through the xylem? Tap to flip Answer To replace water lost by diffusion into the air through open stomata. Question Do leaves have equal numbers of stomata on every surface? Tap to flip Answer No; the distribution differs between the top and bottom surfaces of leaves. Question What does phloem transport? Tap to flip Answer Sugars, amino acids and other nutrients. Question What is translocation? Tap to flip Answer The transport of sugars and nutrients through the phloem. Question In translocation, what is a source? Tap to flip Answer The place where sugars or nutrients are loaded, such as a leaf where sugars are made. Question In translocation, what is a sink? Tap to flip Answer The place where sugars or nutrients are unloaded, such as a developing root, stem or flower. Question How are sugars moved into and out of phloem cells? Tap to flip Answer By active transport across the membranes of the living phloem cells. Question What pushes sugars along the phloem tube? Tap to flip Answer Water entering the phloem cells by osmosis raises the pressure, which pushes the sugars along. Question How is the total magnification of a light microscope calculated? Tap to flip Answer Eyepiece lens magnification × objective lens magnification (multiply, do not add). Question What is magnification? Tap to flip Answer How many times bigger the viewed object appears compared with its actual size. Question What does a potometer measure? Tap to flip Answer The rate of water uptake by a plant. Question How is the rate of water uptake calculated? Tap to flip Answer Change in volume of water ÷ time taken for the volume to change. Question What is light intensity? Tap to flip Answer The amount of light reaching a given area in a given time. Question Why does higher light intensity increase the transpiration rate? Tap to flip Answer Stomata open wider to increase gas exchange for photosynthesis. Question Give one factor other than light that increases the rate of water uptake by a plant. Tap to flip Answer e.g. higher temperature or more air movement. Question Why do higher temperature and air movement increase transpiration? Tap to flip Answer They increase the diffusion of water out through the stomata. Question What is an exchange surface? Tap to flip Answer A specialised surface that enables the efficient exchange of substances. Question Give one example of an exchange surface in plants. Tap to flip Answer e.g. root hair cells. Question How do xylem and phloem help substances reach a plant's cells? Tap to flip Answer They carry substances around the plant and minimise the distance they must diffuse to reach cells. Where this deck sits in the curriculum Curriculum National Curriculum for England Stage GCSE (Years 10–11) Course GCSE Biology Unit Transport and exchange surfaces in plants Exam boards AQA, Edexcel, OCR Tiers foundation and higher England's National Curriculum sets what is taught; the units and their order are Oak National Academy's. Flash Feed is not affiliated with Oak or any exam board.
How this deck was checked On 2026-11-02, every card was compared with its source: the lessons of Oak National Academy, a public body funded by England's Department for Education that publishes lessons for the national curriculum. Because the cards come from those lessons, no second source was sought. The comparison was done automatically, not by a teacher, so a card can still be wrong. Flash Feed is not affiliated with any source named here.
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A Biology lesson by Oak National Academy licensed under Open Government Licence (OGL)
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