The cards Question What is an organism's phenotype? Tap to flip Answer Its observable traits. Question In biology, what is variation? Tap to flip Answer Differences between members of the same species. Question What is DNA made of? Tap to flip Answer Nucleotides. Question What does DNA carry in all living organisms? Tap to flip Answer The genetic code. Question What is a mutation? Tap to flip Answer A change in the nucleotide base sequence in the DNA of the genome. Question What is a genetic variant? Tap to flip Answer A region of DNA in which the sequence of nucleotide bases has been changed. Question Is variation in phenotype that is caused only by the environment heritable? Tap to flip Answer No. Question How can variation caused by genetic material be passed on to offspring? Tap to flip Answer Through gametes or through asexual reproduction. Question What does a mutation create? Tap to flip Answer A genetic variant. Question Do mutations happen at random, or only when an organism needs them? Tap to flip Answer At random. Question Give one cause of mutations. Tap to flip Answer For example, ionising radiation or errors when DNA is copied. Question What effect do most mutations have on phenotype? Tap to flip Answer No effect. Question What is natural selection? Tap to flip Answer Organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce and pass on their genes to their offspring. Question What is an adaptation? Tap to flip Answer A feature that helps an organism live in a particular place and survive. Question What do some mutations cause that give advantageous adaptations in phenotype? Tap to flip Answer Genetic variants. Question Individuals with advantageous genetic variants are better adapted to do what? Tap to flip Answer To compete, survive, reproduce and pass the variants on to their offspring. Question Over generations, what does natural selection do to advantageous genetic variants in a population? Tap to flip Answer It makes them more common. Question Over generations, what happens to advantageous adaptations in phenotype in a population under natural selection? Tap to flip Answer They become more common. Question Do organisms change themselves to become better adapted to their environment? Tap to flip Answer No; natural selection makes advantageous genetic variants more common in the population over generations. Question What is a micro-organism? Tap to flip Answer A microscopic living thing, such as a bacterium or an amoeba. Question Give one example of a mutation in bacteria that could be helpful to humans. Tap to flip Answer For example, the ability to digest man-made waste. Question In asexual reproduction of a cell, what does the cell divide to produce? Tap to flip Answer Two genetically identical cells. Question Besides mutation and natural selection, which process is used to explain evolution in bacteria at the genetic level? Tap to flip Answer Asexual reproduction. Question Can bacteria evolve? Tap to flip Answer Yes; through mutation, reproduction and natural selection. Question What is evolution? Tap to flip Answer The process in which the characteristics of species change over many generations, sometimes producing new species. Question What is genetic variation? Tap to flip Answer Differences between individuals caused by the genetic material they inherit. Question What is sexual reproduction? Tap to flip Answer Creating offspring through the fusing of gametes. Question What is a genome? Tap to flip Answer All the genetic material of an organism. Question How does sexual reproduction create genetic variation in offspring? Tap to flip Answer By combining alleles from male and female gametes. Question How much genetic variation is there among offspring from asexual reproduction? Tap to flip Answer None; the offspring are genetically identical. Question Which typically happens at a faster rate: sexual or asexual reproduction? Tap to flip Answer Asexual reproduction. Question Why can sexual reproduction lead to evolution? Tap to flip Answer It creates variation. Question Can organisms that reproduce asexually evolve? Tap to flip Answer Yes, if the environment or DNA copying errors cause changes in their genome. Question Is asexual reproduction found only in 'simple' organisms such as micro-organisms? Tap to flip Answer No; there are examples of both plants and animals reproducing asexually. Where this deck sits in the curriculum Curriculum National Curriculum for England Stage GCSE (Years 10–11) Course GCSE Biology Unit Variation and natural selection at the genetic level Exam boards AQA, Edexcel, OCR Tiers foundation and higher England's National Curriculum sets what is taught; the units and their order are Oak National Academy's. Flash Feed is not affiliated with Oak or any exam board.
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A Biology lesson by Oak National Academy licensed under Open Government Licence (OGL)
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