The cards Question How many electrons can the outer shell of most atoms hold? Tap to flip Answer 8 Question How many electrons can the outer shell of a hydrogen or helium atom hold? Tap to flip Answer 2 Question What is a noble gas electron configuration? Tap to flip Answer Having a full outer shell of electrons Question How do most atoms increase their stability? Tap to flip Answer By forming bonds with other atoms so that they have a full outer shell of electrons Question What is a molecule? Tap to flip Answer A particle made of a fixed number (two or more) of non-metal atoms covalently bonded together Question What is an ion? Tap to flip Answer An atom or molecule that has lost or gained one or more electrons, so it has a charge Question What is a cation? Tap to flip Answer A positively charged ion Question What is an anion? Tap to flip Answer A negatively charged ion Question How does a metal atom become more stable when forming an ion? Tap to flip Answer It loses the electron(s) in its outer shell and becomes a positive ion (cation) Question How does a non-metal atom become more stable when forming an ion? Tap to flip Answer It gains electrons to fill its outer shell and becomes a negative ion (anion) Question In standard ion notation, is a charge of two plus written 2+ or +2? Tap to flip Answer 2+ (the number comes first, written as a superscript) Question What does malleable mean? Tap to flip Answer Able to be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking Question What does ductile mean? Tap to flip Answer Able to be drawn into a wire Question What are delocalised electrons in a metal? Tap to flip Answer Electrons that are free to move through the metal's structure and can carry an electrical current Question What particles make up a metallic structure? Tap to flip Answer Positive ions and free-moving outer shell electrons Question What binds the particles of a giant metallic structure together? Tap to flip Answer Electrostatic forces of attraction between the positive ions and the free electrons Question Does a single metal atom have the physical properties of the bulk metal? Tap to flip Answer No; individual atoms do not have the physical properties of the substances that contain them Question What is an alloy? Tap to flip Answer A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal Question What happens to the ions when a pure metal is stretched or forced out of shape? Tap to flip Answer They can move position without the metallic bonds breaking Question How does the structure of an alloy compare with that of a pure metal? Tap to flip Answer It is less regular, which affects the alloy's properties Question What is an ionic bond? Tap to flip Answer The electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions, acting in all directions Question What is a lattice? Tap to flip Answer A regular arrangement of atoms or ions in 3D space Question Why do salts form ionic structures? Tap to flip Answer Because they contain metal ions and non-metal ions Question What is an empirical formula? Tap to flip Answer The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound Question Why is the formula of an ionic compound an empirical formula? Tap to flip Answer Because there is no definite quantity of each ion Question What is a polyatomic ion? Tap to flip Answer An ion made up of more than one type of atom Question What does an ionic compound whose name ends in '-ide' contain? Tap to flip Answer Only a metal ion and a non-metal ion Question What does an ionic compound whose name ends in '-ate' always contain? Tap to flip Answer At least three elements, one of which is oxygen Question What is a binary ionic substance? Tap to flip Answer A substance made of two different elements: one metal and one non-metal Question In a dot-and-cross diagram, how is an ion drawn? Tap to flip Answer With a full outer shell, inside square brackets, with its charge in the top right corner Question Why must the positive and negative charges in an ionic compound balance? Tap to flip Answer Because ionic compounds are neutral overall Question Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points? Tap to flip Answer Strong ionic bonds need to be broken Question What is a charge carrier? Tap to flip Answer A particle that enables electrical conductivity, such as a delocalised electron or a free-moving ion Question Why can a solution of an ionic compound in water conduct electricity? Tap to flip Answer Its ions are free to move around Question Why can an ionic compound in the liquid state conduct electricity? Tap to flip Answer Its ions are free to move around Question What is a covalent bond? Tap to flip Answer The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms Question For each electron an atom needs to complete its outer shell, how many covalent bonds form? Tap to flip Answer One Question In a displayed formula, what do the lines represent? Tap to flip Answer Shared pairs of electrons Question What is the typical order of size of atomic radii and bond lengths? Tap to flip Answer 10⁻¹⁰ m Question Why can simple covalent substances not conduct electricity? Tap to flip Answer They have no free-moving charge carriers Question Why do giant covalent structures have high melting and boiling points? Tap to flip Answer Strong covalent bonds need to be broken Question When a simple covalent substance changes state, what is overcome? Tap to flip Answer The weak intermolecular forces (not the covalent bonds) Question What is a polymer? Tap to flip Answer A long-chain molecule formed by joining small molecules (monomers) together with covalent bonds Question Why do scientists use models? Tap to flip Answer To represent parts of the natural world that are too difficult to observe or explain directly Question What is a space-filling model? Tap to flip Answer A 3D molecular model in which the atoms are shown as spheres Where this deck sits in the curriculum Curriculum National Curriculum for England Stage GCSE (Years 10–11) Course GCSE Chemistry Unit Structure and bonding Exam boards AQA, Edexcel, OCR Tiers foundation and higher England's National Curriculum sets what is taught; the units and their order are Oak National Academy's. Flash Feed is not affiliated with Oak or any exam board.
How this deck was checked On 2026-11-02, every card was compared with its source: the lessons of Oak National Academy, a public body funded by England's Department for Education that publishes lessons for the national curriculum. Because the cards come from those lessons, no second source was sought. The comparison was done automatically, not by a teacher, so a card can still be wrong. Flash Feed is not affiliated with any source named here.
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A Chemistry lesson by Oak National Academy licensed under Open Government Licence (OGL)
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