The cards Question What is a natural hazard? Tap to flip Answer A natural event that could cause damage, loss of life or economic disruption. Question What is a natural disaster? Tap to flip Answer A natural hazard that actually causes significant damage, harm or loss of life. Question In geography, what is hazard risk? Tap to flip Answer The likelihood that people or property will be harmed by a natural hazard. Question Does a bigger hazard event always mean a higher hazard risk? Tap to flip Answer No. Size is not the only factor: a higher income country may face lower risk from a magnitude 6.5 earthquake than a lower income country. Question Which factor is given as both a physical and a human factor affecting hazard risk? Tap to flip Answer Climate change. Question What is a tectonic plate? Tap to flip Answer A large, rigid slab of Earth's lithosphere that sits on the semi-solid asthenosphere below it. Question What is the asthenosphere? Tap to flip Answer A semi-solid layer of Earth's upper mantle. Question What is convection? Tap to flip Answer Heat transfer by moving fluids: warmer, less dense material rises and cooler, denser material sinks, making a circular flow. Question What is the name of Earth's outer layer, which is divided into plates? Tap to flip Answer The lithosphere. Question Which two processes make up gravitational sliding, which helps move tectonic plates? Tap to flip Answer Ridge-push and slab-pull. Question Do tectonic plates float like rafts on liquid magma? Tap to flip Answer No. The mantle is semi-solid, not a liquid sea of magma. Question What is an earthquake's epicentre? Tap to flip Answer The point on Earth's surface directly above where the earthquake happens underground. Question What does an earthquake's magnitude measure? Tap to flip Answer The energy it releases; a higher magnitude means a stronger earthquake. Question What is a plate margin? Tap to flip Answer The boundary where tectonic plates meet. Question What is a hotspot? Tap to flip Answer An area in Earth's mantle where unusually hot magma rises towards the surface, creating volcanic activity. Question Where are most earthquakes and volcanoes located? Tap to flip Answer At plate margins. Question At which type of plate margin are volcanoes not found? Tap to flip Answer Conservative plate margins. Question How do the two plates move at a constructive (divergent) plate margin? Tap to flip Answer Away from each other. Question What is a rift valley? Tap to flip Answer A long, narrow depression where a plate stretches and fractures at a constructive margin, so land sinks between parallel faults. Question What is a shield volcano? Tap to flip Answer A broad, gently sloping volcano built by runny basaltic lava; its eruptions tend to be effusive rather than explosive. Question Do volcanoes occur only on land? Tap to flip Answer No. They also occur underwater, especially at constructive plate margins and hotspots. Question How do the two plates move at a destructive (convergent) plate margin? Tap to flip Answer Towards each other. Question What is subduction? Tap to flip Answer At a destructive margin, a denser oceanic plate sinking beneath a less dense plate into the mantle. Question What is a tsunami? Tap to flip Answer A series of large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or landslides. Question Why do volcanoes at a destructive margin form some distance from where the oceanic plate starts to subduct? Tap to flip Answer The oceanic plate melts deep in the mantle, so magma reaches the surface away from the margin. Question How do the two plates move at a conservative plate margin? Tap to flip Answer They slide alongside each other. Question Why are there no volcanic eruptions at conservative plate margins? Tap to flip Answer No magma is produced there. Question What is magma? Tap to flip Answer Molten rock beneath Earth's surface, formed when rocks in the mantle or crust melt under high temperature and pressure. Question What is a primary effect of an earthquake or volcanic eruption? Tap to flip Answer An impact that happens instantly, as a direct result of the event. Question What is a secondary effect of an earthquake or volcanic eruption? Tap to flip Answer An impact that follows as a consequence of the event, in the hours, days and weeks after it. Question What is an immediate response to a tectonic hazard? Tap to flip Answer Action during and just after the event, focused on surviving it and giving short-term relief. Question What is a long-term response to a tectonic hazard? Tap to flip Answer Action focused on rebuilding and on reducing risks from future hazards. Question Do primary effects always cause the most damage? Tap to flip Answer No. Sometimes secondary effects cause the most destruction, e.g. mudslides after a volcanic eruption. Question What was the magnitude of the March 2011 earthquake that shook Honshu, Japan? Tap to flip Answer 9.0. Question Between which two plates did the slippage that caused the 2011 Japan earthquake occur? Tap to flip Answer The Pacific plate and the Okhotsk plate, along a destructive margin. Question In the 2011 Tohoku disaster in Japan, what caused most of the destruction? Tap to flip Answer The tsunami; strict building regulations meant most modern buildings withstood the shaking. Question What was the magnitude of the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti? Tap to flip Answer 7.0. Question At what type of plate margin was the 2010 Haiti earthquake caused? Tap to flip Answer A conservative margin, between the Caribbean plate and the North American plate. Question Was the destruction in the 2010 Haiti earthquake caused by an unusually powerful magnitude? Tap to flip Answer No. It was due to poor infrastructure, weak building regulations and lack of preparedness, not just the earthquake's strength. Question In hazard geography, what is management? Tap to flip Answer Techniques used to reduce hazard risk, including monitoring and prediction, and planning and preparation. Question In tectonic hazards, what is monitoring? Tap to flip Answer Techniques that detect and record the indicators of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Question Can scientists predict exactly when an earthquake will happen? Tap to flip Answer No. They can identify high-risk areas, but exact predictions of when, where or how strong are not possible. Question What is bathymetry? Tap to flip Answer The measurement of elevation for bodies of water, e.g. the depth of oceans, seas or lakes. Question What is topography? Tap to flip Answer The shape of Earth's surface, including land areas and the floors of seas and oceans. Question What does a GIS Elevation Profile show? Tap to flip Answer Changes in height above or below sea level along a transect line. Where this deck sits in the curriculum Curriculum National Curriculum for England Stage GCSE (Years 10–11) Course GCSE Geography Unit Natural and tectonic hazards Exam boards AQA England's National Curriculum sets what is taught; the units and their order are Oak National Academy's. Flash Feed is not affiliated with Oak or any exam board.
How this deck was checked On 2026-11-02, every card was compared with its source: the lessons of Oak National Academy, a public body funded by England's Department for Education that publishes lessons for the national curriculum. Because the cards come from those lessons, no second source was sought. The comparison was done automatically, not by a teacher, so a card can still be wrong. Flash Feed is not affiliated with any source named here.
Sources Total: 12 · primary: 12 · second publisher: 0
Show the other sources (10) Primary source Reducing risks from earthquakes and volcanoes (opens in a new tab) (Oak National Academy, thenational.academy) Primary source Using GIS to visualise physical processes at different types of plate margin (opens in a new tab) (Oak National Academy, thenational.academy) Primary source Factors affecting hazard risk (opens in a new tab) (Oak National Academy, thenational.academy) Primary source Plate tectonics theory (opens in a new tab) (Oak National Academy, thenational.academy) Primary source Global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes (opens in a new tab) (Oak National Academy, thenational.academy) Primary source Processes at constructive/divergent plate margins (opens in a new tab) (Oak National Academy, thenational.academy) Primary source Processes at destructive/convergent plate margins (opens in a new tab) (Oak National Academy, thenational.academy) Primary source Processes at conservative plate margins (opens in a new tab) (Oak National Academy, thenational.academy) Primary source Primary and secondary effects and responses to tectonic hazards (opens in a new tab) (Oak National Academy, thenational.academy) Primary source An example of effects and responses to a tectonic hazard in an HIC (opens in a new tab) (Oak National Academy, thenational.academy) Found a mistake? Write to support@flashfeed.app .
A Geography lesson by Oak National Academy licensed under Open Government Licence (OGL)
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