AP Biology: Animal Reproduction and Development flashcards

Question 1

Which kind of reproduction yields offspring genetically identical to the parent?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction

Question 2

Which kind of reproduction combines genetic material from two individuals to give genetically unique offspring?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction

Question 3

Which form of asexual reproduction involves an outgrowth that separates from the original animal to become a second individual?

Accepted Answer

Budding

Question 4

Which asexual method cuts the original animal into pieces, each of which grows into a new animal?

Accepted Answer

Fragmentation

Question 5

Which form of asexual reproduction lets an unfertilized egg grow into a whole individual?

Accepted Answer

Parthenogenesis

Question 6

What is it called when one individual has both male and female reproductive parts?

Accepted Answer

Hermaphroditism

Question 7

Which kind of fertilization occurs outside the animal's body, often during spawning?

Accepted Answer

External fertilization

Question 8

Which kind of fertilization occurs inside the female's body?

Accepted Answer

Internal fertilization

Question 9

Which reproductive mode lays fertilized eggs outside the mother, where the embryo feeds on yolk?

Accepted Answer

Oviparity

Question 10

Which reproductive mode keeps fertilized eggs inside the female, with the embryo living off yolk until the young hatch fully developed?

Accepted Answer

Ovoviparity

Question 11

Which process makes haploid sperm?

Accepted Answer

Spermatogenesis

Question 12

Which process makes haploid eggs?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis

Question 13

Which sequence of biochemical reactions lets sperm get through the zona pellucida?

Accepted Answer

Acrosomal reaction

Question 14

What is the glycoprotein coat around a mammalian egg called?

Accepted Answer

Zona pellucida

Question 15

What is it called when several sperm fertilize a single egg?

Accepted Answer

Polyspermy

Question 16

Which cleavage type divides the whole egg and occurs in cells with little yolk?

Accepted Answer

Holoblastic cleavage

Question 17

Which cleavage type divides the egg only partly and occurs in cells with abundant yolk?

Accepted Answer

Meroblastic cleavage

Question 18

Which mammalian structure arises when blastula cells sort into an inner and an outer layer?

Accepted Answer

Blastocyst

Question 19

What is the inner cell layer of the blastocyst called?

Accepted Answer

Inner cell mass

Question 20

Which process folds the blastula over itself, producing three germ layers?

Accepted Answer

Gastrulation

Question 21

Which process forms the organs?

Accepted Answer

Organogenesis

Question 22

Which structure comes from the ectoderm and becomes the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Neural tube

Question 23

Which blocks of cells arise from the mesoderm and develop into connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Somites

Question 24

Which organ lets nutrients and wastes pass between maternal and fetal blood?

Accepted Answer

Placenta

Question 25

What name is given to the span of fetal development up to birth?

Accepted Answer

Gestation

Question 26

Which male structure is the site where sperm are produced in the testes?

Accepted Answer

Seminiferous tubule

Question 27

Which sac outside the body holds the testes?

Accepted Answer

Scrotum

Question 28

Which male accessory gland adds to semen?

Accepted Answer

Seminal vesicle

Question 29

Which structure of smooth muscle and gland tissue adds to semen?

Accepted Answer

Prostate gland

Question 30

Which male secretion cleans the urethra before ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Bulbourethral gland secretion

Question 31

What is the fluid mixture of sperm and supporting materials called?

Accepted Answer

Semen

Question 32

Which cell in the seminiferous tubules supports developing sperm and makes inhibin?

Accepted Answer

Sertoli cell

Question 33

Which hormone from the hypothalamus triggers the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH?

Accepted Answer

GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

Question 34

Which hormone promotes sperm formation in males and follicle growth in females?

Accepted Answer

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

Question 35

Which female hormone aids endometrial regrowth, ovulation and calcium absorption?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 36

Which tube joins the uterus to the region of the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Oviduct (fallopian tube)

Question 37

What is the release of an egg by the most mature follicle called?

Accepted Answer

Ovulation

Question 38

Which cycle covers breakdown and regrowth of the endometrium?

Accepted Answer

Menstrual cycle

Question 39

Which cycle readies an egg for ovulation and turns the follicle into the corpus luteum?

Accepted Answer

Ovarian cycle

Question 40

Which female organ provides the setting where the embryo and fetus develop?

Accepted Answer

Uterus

AP Biology: Animal Reproduction and Development flashcards

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