AP Biology: The Immune System flashcards

Question 1

Which type of immunity has memory and develops after an antigen has been encountered?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity

Question 2

Which type of immunity is present naturally through genetics or physiology, rather than being induced by infection?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

Question 3

What is the attraction of molecular complementarity between an antigen and an antibody called?

Accepted Answer

Affinity

Question 4

Which protein do plasma cells produce once an antigen has stimulated them?

Accepted Answer

Antibody

Question 5

Which immune cell detects and engulfs an invader, then shows the processed antigen on its surface to inform the adaptive response?

Accepted Answer

Antigen-presenting cell (APC)

Question 6

What is the combined binding strength of a multivalent antibody with an antigen called?

Accepted Answer

Avidity

Question 7

Which lymphocyte matures in the bone marrow and becomes antibody-secreting plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

B cell

Question 8

Which adaptive immune response is carried out by T cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immune response

Question 9

What is it called when B cells with one particular BCR variant are activated and that variant multiplies dramatically?

Accepted Answer

Clonal selection

Question 10

What is it called when an antibody binds an epitope on an antigen other than the one it was raised against?

Accepted Answer

Cross reactivity

Question 11

Which chemical messenger regulates differentiation, proliferation, gene expression and movement of cells in immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Cytokine

Question 12

Which adaptive immune cell directly kills infected cells using perforin and granzymes?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)

Question 13

Which immune cell takes in antigen material and shows it on other cells' surfaces to trigger an immune response?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cell

Question 14

What is the small part of an antigen that antibodies, B cells and T cells specifically recognize?

Accepted Answer

Epitope

Question 15

Which protease enters target cells through perforin and triggers apoptosis in them?

Accepted Answer

Granzyme

Question 16

Which adaptive immune cell binds APCs through MHC II and either stimulates B cells or secretes cytokines?

Accepted Answer

Helper T lymphocyte (TH)

Question 17

Which adaptive response is governed by antibodies and activated B cells?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immune response

Question 18

What is the acquired ability to avoid an unnecessary or harmful immune response to harmless foreign bodies or to self antigens called?

Accepted Answer

Immune tolerance

Question 19

Which process causes localized redness, swelling, heat and pain as white blood cells and fluid pass through opened capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Question 20

Which cytokine blocks viruses from replicating and adjusts the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Interferon

Question 21

What is the watery fluid called that bathes tissues and organs, carries protective white blood cells and has no erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Lymph

Question 22

Which large phagocytic cell engulfs foreign particles and pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Macrophage

Question 23

Which MHC class is present on every nucleated cell's surface?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I

Question 24

Which MHC class is found specifically on antigen-presenting cells?

Accepted Answer

MHC class II

Question 25

Which antigen-specific B or T lymphocyte skips becoming an effector cell in the primary response but can become one immediately on re-exposure to the same pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Memory cell

Question 26

Which white blood cell circulates in blood and lymph and turns into macrophages after entering infected tissue?

Accepted Answer

Monocyte

Question 27

Which lymphocyte can kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cell

Question 28

Which phagocytic white blood cell engulfs and digests pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 29

What is the process called in which proteins flag a pathogen for phagocytic cells and so boost phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 30

What is it called when antibodies move from one person to another and give short-lived protection?

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity

Question 31

What is a microorganism or other agent that brings disease to the organism it invades called?

Accepted Answer

Pathogen

Question 32

Which molecule on macrophages and dendritic cells binds molecular signatures of pathogens and promotes their engulfment and destruction?

Accepted Answer

Pattern recognition receptor (PRR)

Question 33

Which destructive protein forms a pore in a target cell?

Accepted Answer

Perforin

Question 34

Which immune cell secretes antibodies and arises from antigen-stimulated B cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cell

Question 35

Which specialized lymphocyte suppresses local inflammation and takes part in immune tolerance?

Accepted Answer

Regulatory T (Treg) cell

Question 36

Which lymphocyte matures in the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

T cell

AP Biology: The Immune System flashcards

The cards

Where this deck sits in the curriculum

How this deck was checked

Sources

More in this course