AP Biology: The Nervous System flashcards

Question 1

Which meningeal layer is the tough outer covering of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater

Question 2

Which meningeal layer is the web-like middle covering of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Arachnoid mater

Question 3

Which meningeal layer is the thin one lying directly against the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Question 4

What name is given to the membranes that cover and protect the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Question 5

Which transparent fluid acts as a shock absorber around the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 6

What is the spongy tissue inside the ventricles that makes cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 7

What are the fluid-containing cavities inside the brain called?

Accepted Answer

Ventricles

Question 8

Which glial cell in the central nervous system forms myelin around axons?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 9

Which glial cell wraps myelin around axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 10

Which glial cells clear away dead cells and defend the brain against invading microbes?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 11

Which glial cells act as scaffolding for developing neurons as they move to their final positions?

Accepted Answer

Radial glia

Question 12

Which glial cells line the brain's ventricles and the spinal cord's central canal and help make cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 13

Which glial cells supply nutrients and structural support to neurons of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Satellite glia

Question 14

Which central nervous system glial cells supply nutrients, buffer the extracellular fluid, and help form the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 15

Which structure at an axon's tip can make a synapse with another neuron?

Accepted Answer

Axon terminal

Question 16

What electrically sensitive region of the cell body combines signals from many neuronal connections?

Accepted Answer

Axon hillock

Question 17

What are the myelin-free spots along an axon, where the signal is boosted, called?

Accepted Answer

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 18

What term describes an action potential hopping along an axon between nodes of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 19

What term names the voltage difference across a cell's membrane?

Accepted Answer

Membrane potential

Question 20

What is it called when the membrane potential becomes less negative?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 21

What is it called when the membrane potential becomes more negative?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 22

What depolarization level must be reached before an action potential fires?

Accepted Answer

Threshold of excitation

Question 23

What is the interval after an action potential when firing another is harder or impossible?

Accepted Answer

Refractory period

Question 24

What is the gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes called?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic cleft

Question 25

Which round structure holds neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic vesicle

Question 26

What is a postsynaptic depolarization caused by neurotransmitter from a presynaptic cell called?

Accepted Answer

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Question 27

What is a postsynaptic hyperpolarization caused by neurotransmitter from a presynaptic cell called?

Accepted Answer

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

Question 28

What process lets several presynaptic inputs arriving together depolarize a postsynaptic neuron enough to fire?

Accepted Answer

Summation

Question 29

What term describes a lasting strengthening of the coupling between a presynaptic and a postsynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

Question 30

What term describes a lasting weakening of the coupling between a presynaptic and a postsynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

Long-term depression (LTD)

Question 31

Which brain area passes sensory information on to the cortex?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Question 32

Which brain portion joins the spinal cord and handles breathing, heart rate and swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Brainstem

Question 33

Which brain collections of cells are linked with movement and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Basal ganglia

Question 34

Which group of interconnected brain areas deals with emotion and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Limbic system

Question 35

Which thick fiber bundle joins the brain to the peripheral nerves and holds neurons for motor reflexes?

Accepted Answer

Spinal cord

Question 36

What is a nerve that runs between the spinal cord and the skin or muscle called?

Accepted Answer

Spinal nerve

Question 37

What is a sensory and/or motor nerve that comes out of the brain called?

Accepted Answer

Cranial nerve

Question 38

Which part of the peripheral nervous system regulates bodily functions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 39

What is the sense of how body parts are positioned in space called?

Accepted Answer

Proprioception

AP Biology: The Nervous System flashcards

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