AP Biology: The Endocrine System flashcards

Question 1

Which enzyme turns ATP into cyclic AMP?

Accepted Answer

Adenylate cyclase

Question 2

Which outer layer of the adrenal glands makes corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex

Question 3

Which inner layer of the adrenal glands makes epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medulla

Question 4

Which anterior pituitary hormone prompts the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids during prolonged stress?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 5

Which pancreatic islet cell type makes glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Alpha cell

Question 6

Which pancreatic islet cell type makes insulin?

Accepted Answer

Beta cell

Question 7

Which class of hormones is built from amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid-derived hormones

Question 8

What name covers male sex hormones such as testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Androgens

Question 9

Which hormone, produced in the hypothalamus and let out by the posterior pituitary, increases the kidneys' water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

Which hormone made by the heart lowers blood volume, blood pressure and sodium concentration?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 11

What is the fluid inside the thyroid gland that holds thyroglobulin?

Accepted Answer

Colloid

Question 12

What is it called when cells lower their number of hormone receptors because hormone levels have risen?

Accepted Answer

Down-regulation

Question 13

Which type of gland releases hormones into the surrounding interstitial fluid, from where they diffuse into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine gland

Question 14

Which kidney hormone stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 15

What is the hormone called that binds a plasma membrane receptor and so starts a signal transduction pathway?

Accepted Answer

First messenger

Question 16

Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates gamete production?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 17

Which membrane protein, activated by a first messenger, switches on cyclic AMP formation?

Accepted Answer

G-protein

Question 18

Which pancreatic hormone, made by alpha cells when blood sugar is low, raises blood sugar?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 19

What is a corticosteroid that acts on glucose metabolism called?

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoid

Question 20

What is a corticosteroid that acts on ion and water balance called?

Accepted Answer

Mineralocorticoid

Question 21

What is the process of making glucose from amino acids called?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 22

What is the process of breaking glycogen down into glucose called?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 23

What name covers hormones that regulate the gonads, such as FSH and LH?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropins

Question 24

Which anterior pituitary hormone promotes protein synthesis and body growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 25

Which hypothalamic hormone triggers release of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Question 26

Which hypothalamic hormone inhibits growth hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

Question 27

What do we call the cellular protein that a hormone binds to?

Accepted Answer

Hormone receptor

Question 28

Which pancreatic hormone, made by beta cells when blood glucose is high, lowers blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 29

Which kind of hormone receptor sits in the cytoplasm or nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular hormone receptor

Question 30

Which kind of hormone receptor sits on the cell's outer membrane surface?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane hormone receptor

Question 31

What name is given to the endocrine cells of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Islets of Langerhans (pancreatic islets)

Question 32

What is the tissue mass joining the two lobes of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Isthmus

Question 33

Which hormone from fat tissue promotes a feeling of fullness and lessens hunger?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 34

Which class of hormones is derived mostly from cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-derived hormones

Question 35

Which hypothalamic receptor senses how concentrated the blood's electrolytes are?

Accepted Answer

Osmoreceptor

Question 36

Which posterior pituitary hormone stimulates uterine contractions in childbirth and milk let-down?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 37

Which thyroid cell type produces calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

Parafollicular cell

Question 38

Which hormone, made by the parathyroid glands when blood calcium is low, raises blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 39

Which enzyme deactivates cAMP and so ends the hormone's activity?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiesterase (PDE)

Question 40

Which part of the pituitary is a brain extension that releases hormones made by the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Posterior pituitary

Question 41

Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates milk production?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 42

Which hypothalamic hormone stops prolactin from being released?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone

Question 43

Which kidney enzyme reacts with angiotensinogen and so leads to aldosterone release?

Accepted Answer

Renin

Question 44

Which gland produces thymosin hormones that help the immune system develop?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 45

Which glycoprotein in the thyroid is converted into thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Thyroglobulin

Question 46

Which anterior pituitary hormone controls release of T3 and T4 from the thyroid?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 47

Which thyroid hormone has three iodine atoms and controls basal metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

Triiodothyronine (T3)

AP Biology: The Endocrine System flashcards

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