Honors Chemistry: Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals flashcards

Question 1

What term names a compound that reacts with water to give an acid or acidic solution?

Accepted Answer

Acid anhydride

Question 2

Group 2 metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) go by what collective name?

Accepted Answer

Alkaline earth metals

Question 3

Two or more forms of one element, in the same physical state but with different chemical structures, are called what?

Accepted Answer

Allotropes

Question 4

What term describes a solid, such as glass, with no regular repeating pattern in its three-dimensional structure?

Accepted Answer

Amorphous

Question 5

What is another name for the hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO₃⁻?

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate ion

Question 6

What term names a compound containing boron–oxygen bonds?

Accepted Answer

A borate

Question 7

A salt of the CO₃²⁻ anion is called what?

Accepted Answer

A carbonate

Question 8

Which electrolysis process is used to make chlorine and sodium hydroxide?

Accepted Answer

The chlor-alkali process

Question 9

What kind of reaction has a single reactant that is both oxidized and reduced at the same time?

Accepted Answer

A disproportionation reaction

Question 10

Which electrochemical cell is used commercially to prepare sodium metal from molten sodium chloride?

Accepted Answer

The Downs cell

Question 11

Which process is used to mine free sulfur from large underground deposits?

Accepted Answer

The Frasch process

Question 12

Which industrial process makes ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen using an iron catalyst?

Accepted Answer

The Haber process

Question 13

A compound containing a group 17 element as an anion with a 1− charge is called what?

Accepted Answer

A halide

Question 14

Which electrolysis apparatus isolates pure aluminum from alumina dissolved in molten cryolite?

Accepted Answer

The Hall–Héroult cell

Question 15

What name is given to the binary compounds of hydrogen with a halogen, such as HF, HCl, HBr and HI?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen halides

Question 16

What is the term for adding H₂ to a compound in order to reduce it?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation

Question 17

A compound made up of at least two distinct halogens is called what?

Accepted Answer

An interhalogen

Question 18

Which elements are those whose s and p orbitals are filling?

Accepted Answer

Representative elements

Question 19

Which kind of element has properties between those of metals and nonmetals and is typically a semiconductor?

Accepted Answer

A metalloid

Question 20

Which ion, NO₃⁻, is found in salts of nitric acid?

Accepted Answer

The nitrate ion

Question 21

What is the formation of nitrogen compounds from molecular nitrogen called?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Question 22

Which industrial process converts ammonia into nitric acid?

Accepted Answer

The Ostwald process

Question 23

What is O₃ called in relation to ordinary oxygen, O₂?

Accepted Answer

Ozone, an allotrope of oxygen

Question 24

What is it called when a metal carries a protective, unreactive surface film of oxide or another compound?

Accepted Answer

Passivation

Question 25

What is a compound with two bonded oxygen atoms, or the O₂²⁻ anion, called?

Accepted Answer

A peroxide

Question 26

Which chemical reduction process makes magnesium by heating magnesium oxide with silicon?

Accepted Answer

The Pidgeon process

Question 27

What is a variation in crystal structure that gives a compound different physical properties called?

Accepted Answer

A polymorph

Question 28

What is a compound containing silicon–oxygen bonds called?

Accepted Answer

A silicate

Honors Chemistry: Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals flashcards

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